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The ''Fiesta Nacional de España'' (''Festa Nacional d'Espanya'' in Catalan/Valencian/Balearic; ''Festa Nacional de Espanya'' in Galician; ''Espainiako Jai Nazionala'' in Basque) is the national day of Spain. It is held annually on October 12 and is a national holiday. It commemorates the anniversary of Christopher Columbus's first arrival in the Americas, a day also celebrated in other countries. It's celebrated in a special way in Zaragoza: the ''Ofrenda de Flores'', the most important event in the festival of the Fiestas del Pilar, takes place this day. ==History== The anniversary of Columbus' landing in the New World on October 12, 1492, is widely celebrated throughout the Americas; it is known as Columbus Day in the United States and as ''Día de la Raza'' in various Latin American countries. Celebration of the anniversairy in Spain dates to 1935, when the first festival was held in Madrid. The day was known as ''Dia de la Hispanidad'', emphasizing Spain's connection to the Hispanidad, the international Hispanic community. On November 27, 1981, a royal decree established ''Día de la Hispanidad'' as a national holiday.〔 However, on October 7, 1987, the name was changed to ''Fiesta Nacional'', and October 12 became one of two national celebrations, along with Constitution Day on December 6.〔 Spain's "national day" had moved around several times during the various regime changes of the 20th century; establishing it on the day of the international Columbus celebration was part of a compromise between conservatives, who wanted to emphasize the status of the monarchy and Spain's history, and Republicans, who wanted to commemorate Spain's burgeoning democracy with an official holiday.〔 The change in name had the effect of removing all reference to Spain's historical colonialism, and even its ties to Latin America. Ever since 2000, October 12 has also been Spain's Day of the Armed Forces, celebrated each year with a military parade in Madrid.〔 To commemorate it, there is a parade led by the military (usually held in Madrid) and presided over by the Spanish king, who is the head of state, since Spain is politically organized as a constitutional monarchy. The prime minister of Spain (''Presidente del Gobierno'') has also a special role in the ceremony, only second to that of the king. Then a wide array of authorities, from foreign diplomats deployed in Spain to members of the autonomous governments, are invited to attend the parade performed by the Spanish Armed Forces, which typically features a display by the Spanish Air Force's aerobatics team, the ''Patrulla Águila''. Other than this, however, the holiday is not widely or enthusiastically celebrated in Spain; there are no other large-scale patriotic parades, marches, or other events, save in regional capitals, and the observation is generally overshadowed by the feast day of Our Lady of the Pillar, the patroness of Spain's Civil Guard, whose feast day falls on this date.〔 File:Tanque del Ejército Español.jpg|Army tank on parade in Madrid, 2009 File:Militares del Ejército del Aire de España.jpg|Air Force parade, 2013 File:12 de octubre de 2014 en Madrid, Día de la Fiesta Nacional, Plaza de la Lealtad, llama de honor.JPG|Eternal flame File:12 de octubre de 2014 en Madrid. Desfilando la Guardia Civil, en el Paseo del Prado.JPG|Civil Guard (Spain) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fiesta Nacional de España」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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